托福阅读资料： 生命科学类

时间

涉及话题

核心词汇

1、昆虫

01-10

蚂蚁生存5000万年的原因

Predatory eusocial insect/ predator/
specialization/cooperation/forage for food/
defend the nest/nest intruder/larva/labor category
/caste/termite /solitary ant

02-05

蚂蚁信息素

Pheromones(chemical signals)/fire ant/
aggregation/solitary ant/colony odor/
identify intruder/colony integrity/alarm pheromone/
scurry/mark its trails/ ergate /soldier/queen ant

03-10

蚂蚁间交流

Forage/lay a trail/migration/stinger to/
trail pheromone/leafcutter/evaporate pheromone/receptor/antenna

06-06-24
06-12-03

蜜蜂沟通

Honey bee/Worker bee/Social/Scout/Scent/Pollen dance

00-10-3

蝴蝶多样性

Variety / Category / Diversity
Richness / Distribution
Tropical and temperate regions

2、鸟类

02-10

始祖鸟

Flying vertebrate/reptile/pterosaur/lizard/fossile/
wingspan/ancestor/quarry/link between dinosaur and bird

00-01

人工孵化

Aviculturist/incubation/parrot/temperature/
humidity/gradient/hatch/evaporate/artificial incubation/laboratory condition/viability/survivability/insulator

01-05

鸟类换毛

Molt / Feather / Wear out
Outermost / Innermost

01-08

鸟类欺骗战术

Deception strategy/ground-nesting/trick/predator/several ploy/
emit/mimic/incubate/broken-wing display/flop

03-01

鸟类在岩壁上筑巢

Nesting on cliff/mate/lay/rear/raven/predator
/relaxation of the defence /gull/kittiwake

07-1-13

鸟类迁徙

Migrate/Predict/Artificial sun/Real sun/Guide/Star/Inner clock

06-12-8

鸟的鸣叫

Twitter/Parents/Predator/Higher frequency/Gene

3、水生动物

03-01

浮游生物繁盛期与石油

Mesozoic ear/Cretaceous period/plankton/float/precipitate/silica/
Calcium carbonate/sediment/deposit/accumulate/remain/calcium carbonate-secreting/amass/prolific/bury/petroleum

05-01

北美雀鳝

Wetland region/needlelike teeth/snout/slender/
alligator gar/adept/fast sideways snap/
jaw/stealthy approach/marsh/aquatic habitat/
prehistoric/swimming bladder

06-7-15
07-3-23

鳟鱼

Predator/Gravel/Celsius degree/Survival environment

07-8-25

鱼类体液渗透平衡

Body fluid/Gill/Permeate/Balance/Solute/Urine

05-12-17

海豚的智慧

Dolphin/Intellective

4、动物习性

02-10-3

动物的意识与认知能力

Animal behaviorist/anticipate/coordinate/
consciousness/honeybee/nectar/figure-eight pattern/hive/
intelligence/cognition/otter/rudimentary tool/chimpanzee/summing ability

04-5-1

动物哺育下一代

Calve/marsupial/ spiny anteater/placental mammal/
offspring/descendant/reptile/crocodile/
caterpillar/paralyze/venom/store/larva/parental care/
forage/shield/survive

04-8-5

动物使用工具

Primate/chimpanzee/ants and termites/anvil/hammer/
modify/twig/strip/probe hole/woodpecker finch/cactus spine/
prey/beak /anemone/octopus/forest-dwelling primate/intruder

07-03-04

动物保温机制

Thermoregulation/Blubber/Bladder/Metabolic

06-06-09

生物钟规律

Biological clock/Bat/Nightly animal

06-10-18

动物拟态行为

Mimesis/Camouflage/Predator

06-10-28

食草动物
摄食行为

Vegetarian/Stern/Leaves/Ruminate

06-10-15

蝙蝠和寄生虫

Bat/Gregarious/Parasite/Beneficial

06-09-15

动物捕食最优化

Predator/Prey/Optimize

5、灭绝与进化

02-01

史前人类活动导致巨型动物灭绝

Subsist/hunter/gatherer/Pleistocene epoch/paleontologist/
prehistoric/mass extinction/overhunting/mammoth/
giant ground sloth/giant bison/direct competition/
demise/carnivore/predator/survive

02-08

物种灭绝

Extinct/perish/ecological change/temperature/
demise/dinosaur/plankton in the ocean/periodic extinction/
intersection/Earth’s orbit/comet/eliminate/adapt/evolutionary

06-12-16

动物体型进化

Body size/Limit/Reproduce/Special adaptation

07-01-27

物种适应性

Biological diversity/ecosystem/fragility/fringe marine ecosystem/
habitat destruction/irreversible/mass extinction/physical event/
climatic/cosmic/die out/demolish/biological devastation/adaptation

6、植物

05-08

菌类

Fungi/mold/yeast/mushroom/chlorophyll/synthesize/
carbohydrate/fungal cell/hyphae/enzyme/cellulose/
cellulose-destroying/timber/decomposition/organic matter/
antibiotics/penicillin

04-01

苔藓

Lichen/hardiest/framework/fungus/alga/stagnant/
photosynthese/dormant/dew/ultraviolet ray/stain/lichen colony /
offspring/encounter/ stalk-like bud

02-01

北美郁金香

Tulip/Holland/cultivation/tenuous line/colonize/
carnation/settler/tulip bulb/grumble/
tulip entrepreneur/salesperson/ nostalgic longing/homesick

08-01-05

植物的积极防御和消极防御

Symbiotic specy/mechanism/performed/passive/
inducible/active/toxic/deterrent/immune system/vertebrate

7、动植物关系

01-05

为何树冠内小动物少

Canopy/twig/mammal/warm blooded/gap/tree crown

02-09

松鼠与橡树

Naturalist/ecologist/squirrel/acorn/disperse/
scurry/pesky seed predator/regeneration/dispersal/
seed maturity/germination/spread/reproduce/pry off/discard/litter

07-06-24

动植物间的互利与共生

Symbiosis/Pollination/Fungus/Symbiotic

8、其他生命

03-08

生命起源

Putrefy/microscopically/bacteria/microorganism/
spontaneous generation/hypothetical/chemist/microbiologist/
Pasteur/guncotton filter/alcohol/ether/solid particle/
microscope slide/mold/singe-celled/microbial cell/postulate/
deposit/glass flask/teem with/proponent/swan-neck flask/sterilize

05-08

菌类

Fungi/mold/yeast/mushroom/chlorophyll/synthesize/
carbohydrate/fungal cell/hyphae/enzyme/cellulose/
cellulose-destroying/timber/decomposition/organic matter/antibiotics/
penicillin

9、生物学原理

07-01-13
07-01-27

物种适应性

Biological diversity/Ecosystem/Fragility/
Habitat destruction/mass extinction/
Climatic/Biological devastation/Adaptation

07-03-04

物种分类方法

Monad/Fungus/Algae