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The Greek Theater
What you need to know about the ancient Greek Theaters
What was the physical structure of the theater?
Theatron: Literally meaning “seeing place” is where the spectator sat. The theatron would normally be wrapped around most of the orchestra.
Orchestra: Literally meaning “dancing space” is the core of the ancient Greek Theaters where the chorus would dance, sing, and interact with the actors that were on the skene. They were normally circular in shape.
Skene: Literally meaning “tent” was a building behind the stage. It was decorated accordingly to the play and would have one or two doors and an upper platform so that the actors could make entrances and exits through them. The actors would also have their mask and costumes here so they could perform quick changes out of the sight of the audience.
Parodos: Translating to “passageways” where paths on the sides of the theatron by which chorus and actor would make their entrances and exits. Also the parodos served as the entrances and exits of the audience before and after the play.
Costumes and Masks
The actors were normally so far away from the audience that the actors would have to wear exaggerated costumes and masks to make it easier to see to the audience. The costumes also help indicate the social status, gender, and age of the character.
The masks were made of linen and cork and were painted with the expression that the actor was trying to portray. Tragic mask consisted of mournful expressions. The shape of the mask also amplified the actor's voice and made it easier for the audience to hear the actors.
The Societal Factors that affected the Theater?
The back seats were the worst seats and the cheapest. These were the lower class seats. The wealthier people got the seats with the better view up front. Also women were not allowed in the theater at any time. The price to attend a play was about two obols, equal to that of what an unskilled worker might earn in a day's work. Athens established a fund that citizens could enroll to obtain money for a theater ticket. This is a good indicator that attending the theater was considered a civic duty.
Many of these theater are located in Athens, Greece. For example the Dionysus theater. Other great theaters are located in Peloponnesus, Delphi, and Pargamum.
Some of these theaters still remain to this day, while others have fallen and are in ruins.
What props were used?
Props were used to create a character, for example a crown for a king, a walking stick to suggest old age, a spear and helmet to suggest a warrior. Props were also used in Greek theater as symbolism like a red carpet that Agamemnon walks on when he returns home from Troy, signifying the blood he spilled in the Trojan War.
Other things that were used where stuff like a Mêchanê/Krane, means "machine," was a crane-like device that was used to lift actor allowing them to appear in the air. This was a common way to portray the gods in plays.
Dionysus
The Greek theater began with a festival to honor the god named Dionysus, gos of fertility, wine, agriculture, and sexuality. During this festival, men performed songs to welcome Dionysus and plays were presented at theaters. The a religious rites for the ceremonies were written down in verse and later became plays.
sources:
"Ancient Greek Theatre." Ancient Greek Theatre. N.p., 29 Mar. 2000. Web. 22 Feb. 2013..
"Ancient Greek Theatre." Greek Theatre. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2013..
Englert, Walter. "Greek Theater." Greek Theater. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2013..
Fonseca, Ruben. "Ancient Greek Theater." Ancient Greek Theater. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2013..
"Masks, Costumes, and Props." City Dionysia. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2013..
McManus, Barbara F. "Structure of the Greek Theater." Structure of the Greek Theater. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2013..
Touropia. "14 Ancient Theatres of Greek Roman Antiquity." Touropia RSS. N.p., 22 Mar. 2009. Web. 22 Feb. 2013..
Theatre of ancient Greece
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